The Circle of Fifths

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The Major Scales

Relative Minor Scales

Major (Tertian) Chords - root, third and fifth:

F-A-C, C-E-G, G-B-D, D-F-A, A-C-E, E-F-B, B-D-F

Major chords are formed from with the root, the third and the fifth notes. F major contains the root F note, A (the third) and C (the fifth).

Minor chords are formed having a root, minor third and perfect fifth. Fm is created lowering the F third: F, Ab and C. A becomes Ab (lowered one half note) as A is the third note of F.